So, why do we have 3-1/2" chambers in a 12 gauge anyways? The answer is so that we don't have to have several different guns in our safe to do one job. When we were allowed to shoot lead at late season Canada geese, a 3" chamber was fine and the shot could easily reach the higher altitudes these birds were flying over areas without decoys.
Now we have steel and other non-toxic shot which is lighter than lead and does not compress and deform like lead did as it left the barrel. Because of that we have to use less pellets and they need to be bigger to have the same energy upon impact as the lead did. The best way to do this was to add some payload and powder to lob that payload up into the stratosphere where the gees fly. That is why the 3-1/2” 10 gauge was the gun to have in late December or early January.
I have a Remington Express Super Magnum that shoots these big old shells and yes, the recoil is more than a 3” but still manageable especially when there are birds overhead and I’m wearing extra layers! That said, when you’re launching 1-1/4 oz. of no. 2 steel shot at 1,625 fps, you’re gonna know you pulled the trigger but will soon forget it when that big old Canadian hits the ground!
The greatest thing about it is while I did go and buy a new gun I was able to sell my old gun to make room in the safe and I still can shoot all the 2-3/4” or 3” shells that are in stored in the ammo locker and I can continue to reload without adding that to the mix as well.